GOOD VACCINATION
SPRAY METHOD
Mortality at challenge with Essex 70 by aerosol
3 Ways of Administration :
Drinking water – onset of Immunity 7 days
Eye Drop -onset of immunity 3-4 days
Spray Method – Within 2 Days
AEROSOL: FASTEST
(Dr. R.E. Gough, Dr. D.J. Alexander)
Coarse spray and Fine spray administration
» Suitable for respiratory diseases
» Quicker and stronger immunity
» Stronger local immunity
» Coarse spray – > 150 µm diameter
» Aerosol spray – < 50 µm diameter
SPRAY
MSD NOZZLE
WATER QUALITY
NOBILIS SPRAY CABINET /MANUAL SPRAYER-ADVANTAGES
NOBILIS SPRAY CABINET
» O Water or Good quality water-210 ml / 1000 chicks
» Particle size – 150 micron above
» No need of Power, Pressure motor
» Operated by manual power
» One Hour- 10,000-15,000 birds
MANUAL SPRAYER
» RO Water or Good quality water-600 ml / 1000 chicks
» Particle size – 150 micron above
» Operated by manual power
» Easy to operate
» Pressure -2-3 bar
» One Hour- 30,000 birds
MAREK’S VACCINE
Handling guidelines for preparation of a Marek’s vaccine for maintaining the highest possible Titer (PFU)
VACCINE PREPARATION
» RO Water or Good quality water-600 ml / 1000 chicks
Ideal requirement for Vaccine reconstitution:
» Place should be separate ,from the hatching / chicken room.
» Room should have positive air pressure with a dust filter at the air inlet. This is to prevent possible contamination from chicken dust.
» Trained and dedicated people
Standard hygienic procedures for vaccine preparation room:
» Set of dedicated clothes, boots and hair cap must be available for people working or entering the preparation room .
» Wash and disinfect hands with disinfectant solution.
» Clean the preparation table at the start and between every batch of vaccine prepared with alcohol spray and dry with a clean tissue paper.
» Set a water bath 27°C temperature (preferably de-mineralized-water or clean fresh tap water)
PREPARATION OF MAREK’S VACCINES
» Protective gloves and a protective mask should be worn when handling liquid nitrogen
» Open the liquid nitrogen container. Check liquid nitrogen level (at first opening).
» Lift one canister with strips high enough to take out one strip
» Remove the required number of ampoules, maximum 1 strip (5 -6 ampoules) at a time
VACCINE VIAL POSITION
Check that the vaccine is at the bottom of the ampoule
Not Acceptable
THAWING PROCEDURE
» Place the strip/ampoules in the water bath (27 °C) and close the liquid nitrogen container.
» Once the vaccine has become liquid immediately remove the ampoule from the water bath.
» Swirl the vaccine ampoules in the water bath until the vaccine in the ampoules is liquid.
» In general thawing time of the ampoules at 27 °C:
- for 1000 doses ampoules 70 to 90 seconds
- for 2000 doses ampoules 120 to 130 seconds
- for 4000 doses ampoules 120 to 150 seconds
» Use the clean paper tissue and thoroughly dry the outside of the ampoules.
DILUENT STORAGE
Diluent must be stored at room temperature ( 27-30 °C)
Examine each bag for contamination
Not Acceptable
VACCINE MIXING STEPS
» Disinfect the port ( neck) of diluent bag
» Take approximately 2-4 ml diluent in a sterile syringe
» Now extract vaccine from ampule in the diluent-filled syringe
» Gently inject the vaccine into the diluent bag
» Again take some diluent into the syringe and rinse the ampule
» Mix the bag gently to suspend the vaccine evenly
ADMINISTRATION
» The injecting machine or hand vaccinator should be adjusted to deliver the required volume and checked periodically during use.
» Vaccine should be administered subcutaneously in the neck.
LOSS OF VACCINE TITER DURING HANDLING
Title: Loss of Cell-Associated Marek’s Disease Vaccine Titer During Thawing, Reconstitution, and Use
Authors : D. A. Halvorson A and D. O. MitchellB, 1979
Highlight :
“Mismanagement practices observed in hatcheries showed that very subtle deviations from the explicit directions accompanying Marek’s vaccine can cause dramatic losses of vaccine potency. Such mismanagement was found to result in 14 to 97% loss of vaccine titer”
LIQUID NITROGEN VACCINE STORAGE & EFFECT ON TITER
» The injecting machine or hand vaccinator should be
» Cell associated MD vaccine need to be storage in -196 0C ( liquid Nitrogen) to maintain vaccine efficacy.
» Ampoule immediately processed for thawing ( within 45 second) maintain 100 % PFU.
» There is adverse effect on PFU ( titre) of removing ampoule of cell associated MD vaccine from liquid nitrogen and again replacing them.
Remove the required number ampoules, maximum 1 strip (5 -6 ampoules) at a time , process immediately
EFFECT OF WATER BATH TEMPERATURE ON VIRUS TITER (PFU)
» Frozen vaccine need to be thawed in luck warm water to avoid shock and damage to live vaccine virus.
» Water bath temperature should be around 27 0C.
» Extremely cold or hot temperature during thawing process will damage vaccine virus and resulting into loss of PFU.
Prepare a water bath 27°C ( preferably de-mineralized-water or clean fresh tap water).
CORRELATION OF DILUENT TEMPERATURE AND VIRUS TITER
» Cell associated vaccine (e.g. Innovax) -always mix into diluent which is stored at normal temperature ( range of 27 to 32 °C ) to maintain vaccine PFU.
» If diluent is stored into refrigerator ( 2-8 °C) it will cause the cold shock to MD virus leading to loss of vaccine PFU.
Diluent must be stored at Normal temperature ( 27-30 °C)
EFFECT OF DELAY IN RECONSTITUTION OF THAWED VACCINE
» Cell associated vaccine should be thawed and mix with diluent immediately to maintain
Once the vaccine has become liquid immediately remove the ampoule from the water bath and mix with diluent.
IMPORTANCE OF AMPULE RINSING
» Ampoule rinsing with diluent is important step in MD vaccine reconstitution.
» Ampoule rinsing will help to release the attached virus particles from the surface of glass vial.
» Un-rinsed ampoule lead to loss of virus particles.
Ampoules and tips should be rinsed with diluent to ensure that all the vaccine PFU’s (plaque forming units) have been transferred from ampoule to diluent bag.
WHY VACCINATION WITHIN 2 HRS. AFTER RECONSTITUTION?
Since virus is thermo sensitive it should be injected as early as possible
- » Delay vaccination will lead to loss of PFU
* PFU required for full protection
Use the prepared vaccine immediately or put it on ice in a cool box. MSD-India advices to use the vaccine within 2 hours after preparation